Description

This is an active, adaptable, and resilient ant species widespread in Central and Western Europe, as well as the northern parts of the Balkans. In the wild, it nests in warmer and drier open areas, such as forest edges and clearings. The colony is built underground, and the ants prefer loess soil. This species establishes new colonies via semi-claustral founding, meaning the queen requires feeding even during the early stages. It is an autumn-nuptial species: after mating, the queen hibernates through the first winter and only founds her colony the following year. During this time in spring, she actively leaves the nest to hunt, so it is crucial to feed her regularly with insects.

The workers measure 4–5 mm, have a reddish coloration, a strong exoskeleton, and possess a stinger. Although their venom is potent, their sting is not dangerous to humans (at worst, it may cause redness and nettle-like itching). In addition to honey, they require a significant amount of insects as food, which the colony repays by raising a brood of several thousand workers.

Feeding: Honey and insects.

Reproduction: They reproduce slowly at first, but the rate increases over time. In the first year after nuptial flight, they raise 20–40 workers. By the following year, the population can grow to several hundred workers. A mature colony is quite populous and may contain several thousand workers. The brood develops without cocoons, so the pupae are white and ant-shaped. Development from egg to mature worker takes approximately 6 weeks.

Hibernation: Hibernation is recommended from the end of November to March at 5–8°C.
More information about hibernation is available in this video.