Description

Monogynous (single-queen), claustral founding ant species, native to the southernmost parts of Europe (Spain, Portugal, Sicily) and northern Africa.
Workers are polymorphic, appearing in three different sizes (minor, media, and major) within the colony. They have a robust body structure, and are strong and resilient. Their matte black coloration is made even more striking by a silvery sheen, especially noticeable on the striped pattern of the gaster, which is a distinctive feature of this species. In addition to spraying formic acid, they use their powerful mandibles for defense.

They usually nest in warm, sunny, dry environments, in soil, often under stones. They are not particularly aggressive, but as the colony grows, they become increasingly territorial and can even hunt small insects. Their activity is temperature-dependent — they are more active and develop faster in warm weather. The queen’s expected lifespan can reach 10–15 years.

Feeding: Honey and insects.

Reproduction: The colony develops slowly. In the first year, the queen typically raises only 10–20 workers, but from the second year onward, growth can accelerate and surpass 100 workers. A mature colony can reach several thousand workers.

Hibernation: Requires mild hibernation at around 15°C, from late November to February.
More information about hibernation can be found in this video.